폴리우레탄 소재 및 폴리우레탄 제품의 신기술 및 응용

폴리우레탄materials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce 폴리우레탄 products with different properties and properties.

Among rubber rubber types, there are 폴리우레탄 rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.

폴리우레탄 소재는 현재 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 항공 우주 산업에서 경질 제품, 연질 제품 및 발포 제품은 금속 재료보다 가볍고 [항공기에 매우 중요] 높은 복원력과 불연성을 가지고 있습니다. , 고강도, 초저온 단열재 등으로 항공기 후드, 스피드 브레이크, 레이돔, 항공기 연료탱크 필러, 연료소모량 조절 기화기 부표 등에 사용되며 각종 지지 프레임 및 내부 장식용 시트 쿠션 . 그것은 운송 산업의 보온에 사용됩니다.폴리우레탄소재는 소재와 시트 쿠션, 가구 제조, 고급 성인용 콘돔, 타이어와 떼려야 뗄 수 없는 관계입니다. 그리고 최근 자동차 충격 흡수 및 감쇠 액세서리 제품의 개발 및 사용이 더 많은 관심을 끌고 있습니다.

Although there are many types of 폴리우레탄 products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:

Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing 폴리우레탄 rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic 폴리우레탄, 그것은 주조 방법으로 생산할 수 있습니다. 유연한 복용폴리우레탄 foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of 폴리우레탄 flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.

이 새로운 유형의폴리우레탄연질 폼 자동차 충격 흡수 부품은 고급 "원스텝" 성형 공정, 즉 이소시아네이트, 폴리올 폴리머, 사슬 연장제, 촉매, 폼 안정제 등과 같은 배합의 모든 원료 성분을 채택합니다. 보조제 이소시아네이트를 별도의 성분으로 하여 식에 따라 측정하고, 폴리올 폴리머, 물, 보조 발포제, 사슬 연장제, 계면 활성제, 촉매 등과 같은 다양한 보조제를 하나의 성분으로 미리 제조한 다음 1회 첨가 반응 탱크에 넣고 나중에 발포제를 첨가하십시오. 고속 교반 및 혼합 후, 발포 반응 공정이 수행됩니다. 이 원스텝 생산 공정은 복잡한 모양과 작은 사양의 액세서리를 처리하는 데 특히 적합합니다. 성형법은 혼합액을 복잡한 형상의 금형에 직접 주입한 후 금형 캐비티에서 발포하여 성형하는 방식이다. 이 방법으로 만든 제품. 사양 및 치수가 정확하며 필요에 따라 금속 상감 제품으로도 사용할 수 있습니다.

폴리우레탄products are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for 폴리우레탄 products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with 폴리우레탄 material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the 폴리우레탄 industry will have more room for development.